Abstract
Prandtl's secondary mean motions of the second kind are driven by the variation of Reynolds stresses near resistive boundaries. In the flows considered here the turbulence is generated away from the boundary in the absence of a mean flow and then impacts onto a rigid surface placed into the flow at as that of the undulating surface, but the directions of these mean motions can be towards or away from the troughs/crests depending on the orientation of the anisotropy of the free stream. Flow visualization experiments conducted in a mixing box with oscillating anisotropic and isotropic grids demonstrated the existence of these mean flows and that they reach a steady state with an intensity and length scale comparable to those predicted. These results are also consistent with numerical simulation of Krettenauer & Schumann (1992) of convective turbulence over an undulating surface.
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