Weak gravitational lensing and fundamental frequencies of Einstein–Euler–Heisenberg black hole

Abstract

This paper is suggested to analyze the gravitational weak lensing and fundamental frequencies in the framework of the Einstein–Euler–Heisenberg (EEH) black hole. We compute the deflection angle of light by the EEH black hole in weak field limits. Which represents that the bending of light is a global and topological effect. For this purpose, we deduce the Gaussian curvature and apply the Gauss–Bonnet theorem (GBT). Furthermore, we determine the deflection angle at which light is deflected by a plasma medium. We also look into how an EEH black hole behaves graphically in vacuum and plasma medium. Moreover, we study the fundamental frequencies with three different models of EEH black hole.