WAYS TO INCREASE YIELD OF CHICKPEAS

Abstract

The analysis of literary sources showed that interest in chickpeas is increasing, sown areas under this crop are expanding, and technological features for chickpea cultivation are changing. The yield of chickpea seeds to a large extent depends on the biological characteristics of the variety, fertilizers, compliance with the timing and methods of sowing, inoculation of seeds and the like. Much attention should be paid to the system of protection of chickpea agrocenoses from harmful organisms. Weak competition of chickpea plants with weeds is primarily due to the peculiarity of the development of this culture in the early stages, when there is an intensive development of the root system and slow - the aboveground part. In these early stages of their development, chickpea plants are not yet able to fully compete with weeds. The latter, on the contrary, are serious competitors, as they actively use nutrients, moisture and shade plants. High selectivity and herbicidal activity in chickpea crops were shown by soil preparations: Stomp, 33% k.e. (4.0 l / ha); Harness, 90% (1.5–3.0 l / ha); Optima frontier (0.8– 1.0 l / ha). Weed reduction was 85–90% and yield increase was 0.71–0.82 t / ha. Of the post-emergence herbicides in chickpea crops in conditions of mixed weed type, it was advisable to use Pulsar (0.5-0.9 l / ha) and Pivot (0.5-0.8 l / ha). Weed loss was 81.0–82.0% and yield increase was 0.72–0.76 t / ha. When using different herbicides, the yield of chickpea grain was in the range from 1.26 to 1.44 t / ha. The presence of chickpeas in crops leads to severe inhibition, especially in the initial stages of vegetation. The most effective and economically feasible at present is the use of a tank mixture of herbicides Harnes + Gezagard 500 FM (2.0 l/ha + 3.0-4.0 l/ha) which makes it possible to control a wide range of weeds and extend the duration of the protective shield preparations. Chickpea seeds ripen fairly evenly throughout the plant, the beans do not crack or crumble, the plants do not lie down, so when harvested by direct combining there are no problems. The growing season in chickpeas lasts 80-120 days, depending on the variety and growing conditions, so it is harvested in late July or early August after harvesting cereals. The yield of chickpea seeds varies in the range 1.4–2.7 t/ha, and with proper technology and climatic conditions it can be 2.5–3.5 t/ha. Key words: chickpeas, agrocenosis, technology, mineral fertilizers, weeds, herbicides, biological products, productivity.