Ways to build up a trait collection of corn by vegetation period classes and its components

Abstract

Aim. To study new collection corn accessions by vegetation period classes and its components to build up a trait collection. Results and Discussions. The experiments were conducted in the eastern left-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine in the scientific crop rotation fields of the Plant Production Institute named after VYa Yuriev of NAAS in 2016-2019 Field surveys and laboratory analyses were carried out using methodological approaches to studying collection corn accessions. The article presents the results on building up a trait collection of corn, which includes 111 collection accessions of new domestic self-pollinated corn lines, diverse in their genetics, identified as carriers of a set of valuable economic and biological traits on the basis of previous studies. The pedigrees of the lines included seven synthetic populations from Australia and one synthetic population from the USA, three varieties from China, two varieties from Ukraine, two varieties from Syria, four lines from Ukraine, seven lines from the USA; three hybrids from Thailand, one hybrid from France, one hybrid from Serbia, and one hybrid from Egypt. Due to multi-year studies of corn collection accessions, sources of valuable economic traits with high levels of their expression were identified. The sources are of interest for breeding to create corn hybrids. Conclusions. We grouped the lines was selected lines that are suitable for breeding: 24 lines with early emergence of seedlings (11-12 days), 29 lines with early anthesis (49–53 days), 64 lines with a minimum gap in anthesis (1-4 days), 14 lines with rapid water yielding belonging to various ripeness groups. We singled out cold-tolerant lines derived from a foreign (Egypt) hybrid (UKhK 653, UKhK 654, UKhK 655), from foreign (the USA, Australia) synthetics (UKhK 530, UKhK 692, UKhK 698). We also distinguished lines with increased productivity (86-116 g of grain per plant) and 1000-kernel weight (over 328 g): mid-early flint lines UKhK 724 and UKhK 727 derived from original French forms; nine mid-ripening lines originating from original Ukrainian (UKhK 612), American (UKhK 617, UKhK 618, UKhK 619), French (UKhK 725) and Egyptian (UKhK 653, UKhK 654, UKhK 655) forms; and one line from Thailand (UKhK 718), in which the vegetation period structure index ranged 0.8 to 1.0. We found sources of drought resistance: UKhK 719, UKhK 723, UKhK 724, and UKHK 726. Sources of good water yielding from grain are mid-early lines UKhK 690, UKhK 721, UKhK 730; mid-ripening lines UKhK 623, UKhK 631, UKhK 665, UKhK 672, UKhK 706 UKhK 715, UKhK 726; and mid-late lines UKhK 648, UKhK 652, UKhK 672, UKhK 720.