Ways of migration of ecotoxicants in agro-ecosystems

Abstract

The fundamental property of ecosystems is the ability to accumulate and contain substances that come to them. The study of problems, in particular the impact of ecotoxicants on agroecosystems, is extremely important for understanding the environmental hazard for the environment biota and humans. Purpose of the research is to consider ways of migrating ecotoxicants with agroecosystems and to offer a unified model of their movement, which can be used to develop measures for preventing or minimizing negative environmental impacts. Paper presents the scheme of ecotoxicants migration by agroecosystems. The main attention is paid to the mathematical assessment of the accumulation of ecotoxicants by plants due to the intake of substances by the endocrine and root paths. In addition, in irrigated agriculture, the need to take into account also the share of ecotoxicants that pass into plants from contaminated irrigation water is shown. Migration of ecotoxicants by agro ecosystems is a rather complicated process, which depends on the physical and chemical properties of substances, soil, water, air and biotic factors. The chamber models method can be used to evaluate the migration of ecotoxicants by ecosystem. It is used to describe the migration of substances by chains of ecosystems, which are conventionally divided into boxes, and the transition between boxes is determined by the coefficients of transition. It is assumed that the substance content in each box is uniform, and between them there is a statistical equilibrium, as well as transition factors are constant for chamber models method. The chamber method is a simple and adequate mathematical description of migration processes in ecosystems of varying complexity. The possibility of forecasting the migration capacity of ecotoxicants by agroecosystems is demonstrated on the basis of the use of chamber model using transition coefficients. We suggest the approach, based on the results of experimental research, which provides an opportunity to assess adequately the ecological hazard of ecotoxicants and develop tools for preventing their negative effects.