Abstract
Decreased physical activity in obese individuals is associated with a prevalence of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Physicians usually recommend that obese individuals change their lifestyle, specifically changes in diet, exercise, and other physical activities for obesity management. Therefore, understanding physical activity and sleep behavior is an essential aspect of obesity management. With innovations in mobile and electronic health care technologies, wearable inertial sensors have been used extensively over the past decade for monitoring human activities. Despite significant progress with the wearable inertial sensing technology, there is a knowledge gap among researchers regarding how to analyze longitudinal multi-day inertial sensor data to explore activities of daily living (ADL) and sleep behavior. The purpose of this study was to explore new clinically relevant metrics using movement amplitude and frequency from longitudinal wearable sensor data in obese and non-obese young adults. We utilized wavelet analysis to determine movement frequencies on longitudinal multi-day wearable sensor data. In this study, we recruited 10 obese and 10 non-obese young subjects. We found that obese participants performed more low-frequency (0.1 Hz) movements and fewer movements of high frequency (1.1–1.4 Hz) compared to non-obese counterparts. Both obese and non-obese subjects were active during the 00:00–06:00 time interval. In addition, obesity affected sleep with significantly fewer transitions, and obese individuals showed low values of root mean square transition accelerations throughout the night. This study is critical for obesity management to prevent unhealthy weight gain by the recommendations of physical activity based on our results. Longitudinal multi-day monitoring using wearable sensors has great potential to be integrated into routine health care checkups to prevent obesity and promote physical activities.
Highlights
In the United States, about 66.3% of adults are overweight or obese [1]
Activities of Daily Living: The results showed obese individuals producing significantly more transitions than their non-obese counterparts (Figure 12)
Our findings provide convincing evidence that obese individuals exhibited low-frequency movements, which may lead to a self-perpetuating vicious circle of fewer activities of daily living with low overall energy expenditure and increasing weight gain and obesity
Summary
In the United States, about 66.3% of adults are overweight or obese [1]. The total medical expenditure associated with obesity exceeds $140 billion annually and represents approximately 9.1%of the total annual medical budget [2]. In the United States, about 66.3% of adults are overweight or obese [1]. The total medical expenditure associated with obesity exceeds $140 billion annually and represents approximately 9.1%. Of the total annual medical budget [2]. It is forecasted that by 2030, 51% of the total U.S population will be obese, with a 33% increase in expected obesity prevalence and a 130% increase in severe obesity prevalence [3]. Considering gender-wise distribution, it is estimated that the obesity rate in the United States will increase to approximately 50% for men and 52% for women, with the total number of obese people rising from 99 million in 2008 to 164 million by 2020 [4]. Obesity is a significant public health concern in the USA and throughout the developed world [5].
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