Wavelet representation of hardcore bosons

Abstract

We consider the one-dimensional Tonks–Girardeau gas with a space-dependent potential out of equilibrium. We derive the exact dynamics of the system when divided into n boxes and decomposed into energy eigenstates within each box. It is a representation of the wave function that is a mixture between real space and momentum space, with basis elements consisting of plane waves localized in a box, giving rise to the term ‘wavelet’. Using this representation, we derive the emergence of generalized hydrodynamics in appropriate limits without assuming local relaxation. We emphasize that a generalized hydrodynamic behaviour emerges in a high-momentum and short-time limit, in addition to the more common large-space and late-time limit, which is akin to a semi-classical expansion. In this limit, conserved charges do not require numerous particles to be described by generalized hydrodynamics. We also show that this wavelet representation provides an efficient numerical algorithm for a complete description of the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of hardcore bosons.