Abstract
Malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, uses haemoglobin in host red blood cells (RBCs) as a major source of nutrient in ring and trophozoite stages. This brings about changes in the morphology and functional characteristics of the RBCs. We investigate malaria infected RBCs and uninfected RBCs-ring and trophozoite stages using multispectral imaging technique. Four spectral bands were found to be markers for identifying infected and uninfected RBCs: 435 nm and 660 nm were common markers for the two stages whiles 590 nm and 625 nm were markers for the ring and the trophozoite stages respectively. These four spectral bands may offer potential diagnostic markers for identifying infected and uninfected RBCs, as well as distinguishing ring and trophozoite stages.
Highlights
Malaria parasites, Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum), found in red blood cells (RBCs), remain the major contributor to morbidity and mortality especially in poor countries (Sachs & Melaney, 2002; Hay, Guerra, Tatem, Noor, & Snow, 2004; Paton et al, 2011)
We investigate malaria infected RBCs and uninfected RBCs-ring and trophozoite stages using multispectral imaging technique
The image shows a bright background interspersed with spots representing infected RBCs (iRBCs) and uninfected RBCs (uRBCs)
Summary
Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum), found in RBCs, remain the major contributor to morbidity and mortality especially in poor countries (Sachs & Melaney, 2002; Hay, Guerra, Tatem, Noor, & Snow, 2004; Paton et al, 2011). An explanation model based on core-shell Mie scattering calculations presented the analysis of the iRBCs and uRBCs in the UV-visible region (Yulia, Patel, & Garcia-Rubio, 2010) These opinions calls for further studies in order to identify the specific spectral band(s) that can be used as a marker(s) for iRBCs and uRBCs. Discriminating the stage of the malaria parasite will help in precise diagnosis and direct control of their development (Moore et al, 2006). Optical identification of tissues irregularities needs methods that can measure a change in the cells This identification has been achieved using techniques such as bioluminescence signals, fluorescence microscopy, point-scanning laser confocal microscopy and photoacoustic microscopy imaging (Rice, Cable, & Nelson, 2001; Graves, Ripoll, Weissleder, & Ntziachristos, 2003; Levenson & Mansfield, 2006; Zhang, Maslov, Stoica, & Wang, 2006; Zhang, Maslov, & Wang, 2007; Zhang, Hong, & Cai, 2011). In all MSI techniques, no studies have been done so far in applying multivariate techniques to identify precise spectral band(s) for discriminating iRBCs and uRBCs
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