Waveguiding structures in Yb3+-doped phosphate glasses by double-energy proton and single-energy carbon-ion implantations

Abstract

We report on the construction of waveguiding structures operating at 632.8 nm in the Yb3+-doped phosphate glass by two different techniques: carbon-ion implantation with a single-implant at an energy of 6.0 MeV and a dose of 5.0 × 1014 ions cm−2, and proton implantation with a double-implant of energies of (500 + 550) keV and doses of (1 + 2) × 1016 ions cm−2. The annealing treatments were performed at different temperatures ranging from 260 °C to 460 °C at internals of 50 °C. For the proton-implanted waveguide, the m-line spectrum and the refractive index profile were studied by a modal 2010 prism coupler and a reflectivity calculation method, respectively. The near field patterns in the both cases were recoded by an end-fire coupling system. The carbon- and proton-implanted Yb3+-doped phosphate glass waveguides can propagate guided modes after the continuous annealing, suggesting the applicability in the development of photonics devices.