Abstract
Metasurfaces are planar metamaterials with a subwavelength thickness that allows wavefront shaping by introducing in-plane variations, namely, gradients, in the spatial wave response of these flat structures. Most of the recently reported acoustic metasurfaces were designed to control air-borne waves. Here, we report a new class of acoustic gradient-index (GRIN) metasurfaces engineered from soft graded-porous silicone rubber with a high and tunable acoustic index for broadband ultrasonic 3-D wavefront shaping in aqueous media. The functionalities of these soft flat lenses are illustrated through various experiments, which demonstrate beam steering and beam focusing, as well as vortex beam generation in free water. These new GRIN metasurfaces may have important applications in various domains using designed ultrasonic fields (biomedical imaging, industrial non-destructive testing, contactless particle manipulation), since their fabrication is very straightforward with common polymer science engineering. Y. Jin, R. Kumar, O. Poncelet, O. Mondain-Monval, and T. Brunet, Nat. Commun. 10, 143 (2019).
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