Abstract
In this report, which is an international collaboration of OCT, adaptive optics, and control research, we demonstrate the Data-based Online Nonlinear Extremum-seeker (DONE) algorithm to guide the image based optimization for wavefront sensorless adaptive optics (WFSL-AO) OCT for in vivo human retinal imaging. The ocular aberrations were corrected using a multi-actuator adaptive lens after linearization of the hysteresis in the piezoelectric actuators. The DONE algorithm succeeded in drastically improving image quality and the OCT signal intensity, up to a factor seven, while achieving a computational time of 1 ms per iteration, making it applicable for many high speed applications. We demonstrate the correction of five aberrations using 70 iterations of the DONE algorithm performed over 2.8 s of continuous volumetric OCT acquisition. Data acquired from an imaging phantom and in vivo from human research volunteers are presented.
Highlights
Since the inception of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in 1991 [1], it has contributed to significant advancements in clinical ophthalmic imaging
This paper demonstrates that the data-based online nonlinear extremum-seeker (DONE) algorithm can be used for WFSL-Adaptive Optics (AO) OCT for in vivo human retinal imaging using an adaptive lens as the wavefront corrector
For each Zernike mode, 10 OCT volumes were acquired with the aberration applied to the multiactuator adaptive lens (MAL) using coefficient values that were uniformly distributed across the same range of upper and lower bounds as used for the DONE algorithm optimization
Summary
Since the inception of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in 1991 [1], it has contributed to significant advancements in clinical ophthalmic imaging. With the axial resolution dependent on the coherence length, but decoupled from the optics delivering light to the eye, commonly available OCT systems were designed to have a depth of focus that encapsulated the entire retinal thickness. This design goal is commonly achieved using of a probe beam diameter of ∼1 mm incident on the cornea, resulting in a focused spot size of ∼20 μm at the retina. In the special case of healthy volunteers with good eye optics, OCT imaging systems are capable of imaging parafoveal or perifoveal photoreceptor cones [2,3,4]. The image reliability and quality of the cone photoreceptor images deteriorate when imaging with a large incident beam because of wavefront aberrations present in the refractive elements of the eye
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