Abstract
This study demonstrates synthesis of synthesis of seismic responses in general elastic and viscoelastic fractured media using a two-dimensional pseudo-spectral method. From the full waveform simulation approach, different types of source configurations with corresponding wavefields and synthetic records are generated. Viscoelastic wavefield responses, which incorporate quality factors for both P-waves (Qp) and S-waves (Qs) through the superposition of relaxation mechanisms and velocities for attenuative and dispersive media, are presented, tested and implemented to assess their potential for practical application. The modeling results show that are more time that elapses, the less the wave amplitudes can be observed in a viscoelastic media than in elastic media. The simulation of both pressure and shear source fully illustrate the corresponding decomposed waves and their corresponding seismograms. Also, the synthetic model of the anticline structure embedded in the layered model show that diffraction responses are directly related to the fracture/fault zone structure. From the prescribed model, transmission, reflection, and converted multi-phase events can readily be identified in both elastic and viscoelastic media. Aside from this, evaluating seismic responses using a specially designed source and receiver configuration, such as horizontal drilling technique, is critical in studies pertaining to reservoirs. It is also demonstrated that by examining such seismic responses, the effects of fracture distributions and the corresponding time-lapsed monitoring of oil/gas leakage within a reservoir can be evaluated in advance by the proposed method for numerical studies.
Highlights
Conventional elastic forward modeling typically employs P- and S-wave velocities as well as density for the simulation of a full seismic wavefield
With the help of current high-performance computing capabili ties and discrete theory, the use of the relaxation mechanism has made the numerical simula tion approach much more feasible and efficient when it comes to simulating the attenuation effects through the parameterization of the quality factors (Q)
To see detailed wave propagation resulting from the effects of a fractured anticline structure, the layout of the receiver array is located in the second layer, directly over the anticline
Summary
Conventional elastic forward modeling typically employs P- and S-wave velocities as well as density for the simulation of a full seismic wavefield. With the help of current high-performance computing capabili ties and discrete theory, the use of the relaxation mechanism has made the numerical simula tion approach much more feasible and efficient when it comes to simulating the attenuation effects through the parameterization of the quality factors (Q). Such attenuation phenomena can be attributed to grain boundary relaxation, thermoelasticity, diffusional motion of dislocations, point defects, or among other factors. Intrinsic attenuation and scattering from the effects of a fractured media or the undulation of structure boundary are explicitly considered for wave phenomena studies
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