Wave structuring viscosity in the shock compaction of solid matter

Abstract

The response of geologic matter to large scale impact or explosion is dependent on the time history of the encompassing shock wave. The kinetics of localized physical and chemical transitions brought about by the shock wave are responsive to this time history. Solid state viscosity of the media is responsible for establishing the time history of a shock wave. Melosh [2003] recognized need for the understanding of viscosity on the petrologic and lithologic scale, and accordingly, undertook the assessment and analysis of available nuclear ground shock measurements. Fundamental observations were achieved. The present report furthers the epic efforts of Melosh. Pursuing both the nuclear ground shock data and supporting laboratory test data, methods for, and calculations of, the viscosity of solid materials on the respective scales are undertaken. Recognition of the applicability of viscoelasticity in modelling the shock response is demonstrated and applied. The report closes with discussion of universal features of the shock wave viscous time-history in solid materials. Solid viscosity as an adiabatic invariant is posed and commonalties are noted of the solid shock wave with the nonlinear dynamics of ocean waves.