Abstract
The wave run-up height is a crucial design parameter that determines the crest height of a sea dike and is used for estimating the number of overtopping waves. Therefore, a reduction of the wave run-up height is generally aspired in the design of dikes, which can be achieved by mortar-grouted riprap revetments (MGRR). Although MGRRs are widely utilized revetments along the German North Sea coast, no investigations into the wave run-up height on this revetment type are available to date. Full-scale hydraulic model tests were hence conducted to investigate wave run-up heights on partially grouted and fully grouted MGRRs. The wave run-up was determined using 2D-LIDAR measurements, which were validated by video data. Partially grouted MGRRs, due to their roughness, porosity, and permeability, reduce wave run-up heights from 21% to 28%, and fully grouted MGRRs due to their roughness reduce wave run-up heights from 12% to 14% compared to smooth impermeable revetments. Influence factors have been determined for four widely used revetment configurations, which can now be used for design purposes. A comparison and subsequent discussion about the representation of the physics of wave run-up by different parameters is carried out with the results presented.
Highlights
The accuracy of the 2D-LIDAR measurements will be discussed by referencing the wave run-up heights dependent on the surf similarity parameter ξm−1,0
In all equations that describe wave run-up using an influence factor to account for roughness, porosity, and permeability, there is the implicit assumption that the wave run-up height for every type of revetment can be calculated by multiplying the wave run-up height of a smooth impermeable revetment with a reduction factor
Full-scale hydraulic model tests were conducted to determine wave run-up heights on partially grouted and fully grouted mortar-grouted riprap revetments (MGRR). These full-scale hydraulic model tests are among the scarce examples of full-scale hydraulic model tests of porous coastal structures, providing valuable information on wave−structure interaction
Summary
A reduction of the wave run-up height is a key aspect in the design of coastal dikes. This can be achieved by, e.g., measures in the dike foreland, e.g., wave-damping vegetation [2,3,4] or underwater break-waters [5,6,7], thereby reducing the wave height at the toe of the dike, changing the cross-section of the dike by installing a berm or decreasing the slope angle [5,8], choosing a revetment that reduces wave run-up [1,8].
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