Abstract
This paper reports the process data on program fidelity, best practices for intervention implementation, youth and coach engagement, and youth application of knowledge and skills for the two-year WAVE~Ripples for Change (WAVE) obesity prevention intervention program focused on healthy eating, physical activity, and life skills with high school (HS) soccer players aged 14–19 years. Internal (staff: n = 7; volunteers: n = 27) and external (youth: n = 100; coaches: n = 9) stakeholders were interviewed/ surveyed. Staff rated program fidelity as high (94%), as did volunteers (85%). Best practices included coach encouragement for athlete participation, use of on-line consent for enrollment, building relationships with HS staff to complete assessments, sending text reminders, and providing incentives. Study results showed an enrollment rate of 72%, completion of baseline assessments of 89–98%, attendance of sports nutrition lessons in Year 1 and Year 2 of 90% and 39%, respectively, and team-building workshop (TBW) attendance of 25–31%. Activities exceeding youth expectations (>90%) included, (1) activities with their soccer team; (2) the TBW-cooking; and (3) sports nutrition lessons. The obesity prevention skills most applied by youth were obtained from the TBW-gardening and harvesting (49%), the TBW-cooking (43%), and sports nutrition lessons (44%). Coaches also rated the sports nutrition lessons highly and reported increased awareness for hydration/fueling during sport by the athletes. Using sport teams/clubs to engage youth in obesity prevention is a feasible model for future study.
Highlights
Childhood obesity is significantly more prevalent in adolescents aged 12–19 years old (20.6%)than in younger children (13.9–18.5%) [1]
In Year 1, sports nutrition lessons were focused on hydration and exercise fueling, with a 90% attendance rate
This lower attendance rate could be attributed to the team-building workshop (TBW) being held on the weekends or after school, and in off-season for soccer
Summary
Childhood obesity is significantly more prevalent in adolescents aged 12–19 years old (20.6%)than in younger children (13.9–18.5%) [1]. Childhood obesity is significantly more prevalent in adolescents aged 12–19 years old (20.6%). One proposed childhood obesity prevention strategy is to encourage youth to participate in organized sports [2]. Among adolescents (aged 12–19 years) participating in leisure time sports, 16.6% of males and 15.3% of females were classified as obese (body mass index (BMI, kg/m2 ) >95th percentile for age and sex) [4]. Nelson et al found that while youth who participated in sports ate more fruits, vegetables, and milk, they ate more fast-food and sugar-sweetened beverages [5]. These latter two Nutrients 2018, 10, 711; doi:10.3390/nu10060711 www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients
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