Abstract
We discuss wave propagation in a cold plasma which contains heavy ion species or charged dust grains. Our analysis reveals a modification in the behaviour of low frequency (hydromagnetic) modes for the two cases of positively or negatively charged dust or heavy ions. When positively charged heavy material is present with charge density comparable to the local light ion charge density the well-known phenomena associated with the presence of a cross-over frequency are found. The bi-ion hybrid and cut-off frequencies also occur and the behaviour of the electrical current at these critical frequencies is discussed. The resultant wave modes which arise may be pertinent in describing observations of wave activity seen during the Phobos mission.
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