Abstract

Experimental results are presented that show evidence of strong coupling between two different types of instabilities for finite-amplitude surface gravity waves in deep water. A consequence of this coupling is the three-dimensional, crescent-shaped breaking waves of wave trains and wave packets with the initial wave steepness (aoko) as low as 0.12. A second consequence is to provide a new mechanism or observed energy dissipation and directional energy spreading during evolution of waves when about 0.14 ≤ aoko ≤ 0.18, corresponding to the most commonly observed wave steepness during the rapid growth stages of wind-generated ocean waves.

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