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Abstract
We successfully prepared water-soluble fullerenol [C60(OH)46] that exhibited a high singlet oxygen quantum yield and efficiently generated reactive oxygen species. Additionally, the water-soluble C60(OH)46 with a higher composition of exposed hydroxyl groups had superior two-photon stability and characteristics compared with that with a lower composition of such groups. Therefore, the prepared fullerenol can be an effective two-photon photosensitizer. The water-soluble C60(OH)46 had favorable two-photon properties. During two-photon photodynamic therapy, the water-soluble C60(OH)46 had substantial antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli at an ultralow-energy level of 211.2 nJ pixel−1 with 800 scans and a photoexcited wavelength of 760 nm.
Highlights
IntroductionVarious photosensitizer (PS) molecules have been synthesized over the past few decades [1]
The exposed functional groups of the asprepared materials were first examined through Fouriertransform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy (RX1, PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA)
The aggregates remained highly stable for 3 months in different physiological environments, such as a pH 7.0 aqueous solution, 1× phosphatebuffered saline, and culture medium (Additional file 1: Table S1)
Summary
Various photosensitizer (PS) molecules have been synthesized over the past few decades [1]. Clinical applications of existing PSs involve several problems. Most PS molecules are hydrophobic and can aggregate in aqueous media, reducing their quantum yield (QY) [2]. Selective accumulation of PS molecules in deceased tissues is required to prevent damage to healthy cells. Because of these problems, developing an effective PS carrier remains a major
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