Water-physical properties of artificial soils of layered composition, used in dumps recultivation of mining and oil industry

Abstract

There is a need to carry out recultivation of technological dumps as the territory is filled with waste of the mining and oil industry. After planning of the territory, it is necessary to create a fertile layer providing a long-term growth of perennial grasses. Turf is created under their action; it prevents the blowing of waste from the blade. Water-physical indicators are considered to be the main indicators on which the development of plants depends - the main indicator is the lowest moisture capacity. The use of homogeneous granulometric composition of soils leads to rapid loss of water and death of herbaceous plants. Therefore, it is necessary to find ways to retain water in the root zone and prevent it from flowing deep into the blade. Studies were carried out at the State Agrarian University of Northern Trans-Urals by creating experimental sites based on dark gray forest soil. As the studied material, the authors took rubble (fraction 2-3 cm); sand and low-lying peat. The introduction of coarse layers (rubble) reliably ensures the rupture of the capillary network, thereby preventing the flow of water deep into the blade. The least moisture capacity of the overlying layers increases compared with a homogeneous soil, and water supplies increased almost 2 times. The most effective is the use of rubble in soils of medium and heavy-loamy granulometric composition; rubble will provide a reliable obstacle to the downward and upward movement of water and stabilize water reserves in the root layer. When using as a fertile layer of light loams and sandy loam, it is recommended to create layered soils consisting of 1-2 layers of peat or other water-retaining materials (hydrogels, hydrophilic polymers) with good moisture capacity.