Abstract
The objective of this work was to transfer Zucchini yellow mosaic virus coat protein (ZYMV-CP) and neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPT II) genes to the watermelon 'Crimson Sweet'(CS) genome, and to compare the transgenic progenies T1 and T2 with the nontransformed parental cultivar for morphological, pomological, growth and yield characteristics. The ZYMV-CP gene was transferred by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The presence of the gene in transgenic T0, T1 and T2 plants was determined by polymerase chain reaction, and the results were confirmed by Southern blot. Two experiments were performed, one in the winter-spring and the other in the summer-autumn. In both experiments, the hypocotyl length of transgenic seedlings was significantly higher than that of nontransgenic parental ones. In the second experiment, the differences between transgenic and nontransgenic individuals were significant concerning fruit rind thickness, flesh firmness, fruit peduncle length, size of pistil scar, and a* values for fruit stripe or flesh color. Transferring ZYMV-CP gene to CS genome affected only a few characteristics from the 80 evaluated ones. The changes in rind thickness, flesh firmness and flesh color a* values are favorable, while the increase in the size of pistil scar is undesirable. The transgenic watermelon line having ZYMV-CP gene and the parental cultivar CS are very similar.
Highlights
Transgenic crop production in the world is increasing
The flow cytometry analysis showed that the ploidy levels of nontransformed and transgenic T0 plants were diploid.The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection showed that T0, T1 and T2 plants had the Zucchini yellow mosaic virus coat protein (ZYMV‐CP) gene (Figure 1 A), and none of the nontransformed control plants contained the gene
In T1 and T2 populations, 71% (57/80) and 83% (50/60) of the plants contained the ZYMV‐CP gene according to PCR amplification
Summary
Transgenic crop production in the world is increasing. The leading countries in transgenic crop production are USA (66.8 million ha), Brazil (25.4 million ha), Argentina (22.9 million ha), India (9.4 million ha), Canada (8.8 million ha) and China (3.5 million ha) (International Service for the Acquisition of Agri‐Biotech Applications, 2010). 2012 those of conventionally bred crops, under field and protected cultivation, have been detailed (Shewry et al, 2007). In this sense, the genetically modified crop is compared to its conventional genotypes for agronomic and phenotypic variation, and by compositional analysis which includes analysis of macro‐ and micronutrients, as well as of toxins and antinutrients (Barros et al, 2010). According to Barros et al (2010), the differences in transcript/protein/metabolite profiles between locations (environment) were higher than the difference between Bt‐maize and nontransgenic cultivar, and growing seasons had a stronger overall effect in the transcriptome, proteome and metabolome of the maize genotypes than the genetic modification
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