Watermarking for still images using the human visual system in the DCT domain

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a digital watermarking method for still images, in which the human visual system (INS) is used in the discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain. The modulation transfer function (MTF) of the HVS model is employed to increase the invisibility of the inserted watermark in images. Experimental results show that the proposed watermarking method is robust to several common image processing techniques, including joint photographic experts group (JPEG) compression, low-pass filtering, multiple watermarking, and cropping.