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Abstract
Waterlogging blocks the oxygen supply to the root system which inhibits respiration, and greatly reduces the energy status of cells that affect important metabolic processes. This study evaluated fermentative metabolism and carbohydrate contents in the root system of two soybean (Glycine max L. Merril) genotypes under hypoxic and post-hypoxic conditions. Nodulated plants (genotypes Fundacep 53 RR and BRS Macota) were grown in vermiculite and transferred to a hydroponic system at the reproductive stage. The root system was submitted to hypoxia by flowing N2 (nitrogen) gas in a solution for 24 and 72 h. For recovery, plants returned to normoxia condition by transfer to vermiculite for 24 and 72 h. Fermentative enzyme activity, levels of anaerobic metabolites and carbohydrate content were all quantified in roots and nodules. The activity of alcohol dehydrogenase, pyruvate decarboxylase and lactate dehydrogenase enzymes, as well as the content of ethanol and lactate, increased with hypoxia in roots and nodules, and subsequently returned to pre-hypoxic levels in the recovery phase in both genotypes. Pyruvate content increased in nodules and decreased in roots. Sugar and sucrose levels increased in roots and decreased in nodules under hypoxia in both genotypes. Fundacep RR 53 was more responsive to the metabolic effects caused by hypoxia and post-hypoxia than BRS Macota, and it is likely that these characteristics contribute positively to improving adaptation to oxygen deficiency.
Highlights
Soil waterlogging is a common abiotic stress worldwide in cultivated areas and influences the composition and productivity of soybean
This study evaluated fermentative metabolism and carbohydrate contents in the root system of two soybean
Enzymatic activity Fermentative enzyme activities in roots and nodules of soybean cultivars Fundacep 53 RR and BRS Macota were strongly influenced by hypoxia and post-hypoxia conditions (Figures 2 and 3)
Summary
Soil waterlogging is a common abiotic stress worldwide in cultivated areas and influences the composition and productivity of soybean Anaerobic metabolism is activated under low oxygen concentration and as a consequence, there is a significant decrease in energy production that is derived mainly from glycolysis in contrast to oxidative phosphorylation (Kumutha et al, 2008; Horchani et al, 2009; Sairam et al, 2009; Zabalza et al, 2009). Plant survival under these conditions depends almost exclusively on anaerobic metabolism (Sousa and Sodek, 2002a)
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