Water Waste Surveys and Distribution Systems Studies

Abstract

Leaky water mains and all the other forms of water waste demand a great deal of the water superintendents' time and thought. A great deal has been written in waterworks literature about water waste. These problems and their solutions are growing in importance. No longer is it sufficient to repair those leaks that present themselves to the attention of the superintendent, but it is found profitable to make systematic search for leaks and all other forms of waste. Leak surveys are not new but in recent years have increased in popularity. In making waste surveys other useful information concerning the distribution system may be learned. The carrying capacity of the pipe system as affected by tuberculation and the desirability of cleaning the mains can be learned and answers to the following questions obtained: Do friction losses justify the cost of pipe cleaning? Are the present feeder mains adequate, and are they doing what they are supposed to do? Where should additional feeder mains be installed as water consumption increases? What is the most economical method of reinforcing the pipe system? Water waste may be classified under four heads : 1. Leaks from broken or pitted mains, valves and fire hydrants. 2. Leaks in service pipes between the city mains and the meter or fixtures.