Abstract
In recent years, conventional water treatment systems have been supported by ozonation or UV irradiation processes. The efficiency of four hybrid processes: (1) coagulation and adsorption, (2) ozonation and coagulation, (3) ozonation, coagulation and adsorption, (4) ozonation, UV irradiation, coagulation and adsorption of inorganic and organic pollutants removal was analysed. In the presented study, the content of organic matter in natural water was evaluated as colour, oxidisability (OXI), total and dissolved organic carbon (TOC and DOC) content and UV absorbance at the wavelength of 254 nm for natural and modified water. Additionally, removal of Ni2+, Cd2+and Pb2+ ions during the treatment processes was analysed. The coagulation process with the use of polyaluminium chloride removed 45% of colour and 39, 26% and 45% of OXI, TOC and UV absorbance, respectively. Using the ozonation before coagulation increased efficiency of colour and UV254 absorbance reduction by 33% and 25%, respectively. Coagulation with both UV irradiation and adsorption had insignificant results on the analysed factors value. The coagulation process was the most efficient for metal ions removal (40–78%). The ozonation process before coagulation increased removal up to 55–85%. Additional irradiation with UV or using of the adsorbent during coagulation of initially ozonated water had an insignificant impact on metal ions concentration in water.
Highlights
One of the common water contaminations are heavy metal ions, which have a human health impact due to their real toxicity for organs as well as persistence and accumulation in the biological food chain [1]
The main sources of heavy metal pollution in natural water have changed from primary mining and manufacturing to metal containing waste discharge
The aim of the study was the evaluation of the usefulness of the selected adsorbent for heavy metal ions removal from water as well as determination of water treatment efficiency with respect to removal of turbidity, color, organic substances and heavy metal ions as a result of application of hybrid connection of the ozonation, UV irradiation, coagulation and adsorption processes
Summary
One of the common water contaminations are heavy metal ions, which have a human health impact due to their real toxicity for organs as well as persistence and accumulation in the biological food chain [1]. The concentration of heavy metals in water is relatively very low when compared to the bottom sediments or sewage sludge. The evaluation of their content in aquatic media as sediment, benthic organisms and fishes is a major environmental target. Zhou et al stated that concentrations of heavy metals in water are generally lower in developed regions Regional determination of heavy metal ions content should concentrate on specific sources. Surface and groundwater are the major source of drinking water and are used for irrigation
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