Abstract
A factorial experiment was conducted within split-split plot design with three replicates. Four genotypes seeds (Regalona, Q-37, KVL-SR2, and Q21) were planted in the sub plots while six water treatments distributed in the main plots. They were ordinary river irrigation (S0), stress at emergence (S1), branching (S2), at ear formation (S3), at flowering (S4), and at maturity (S5). Irrigation water was applied in the normal irrigation when 50-60% of the available water was depleted and one irrigation was omitted from the water stress treatments. Reference and actual evapotranspiration, pan evaporation, yield, crop coefficient, and water use efficiency were calculated. Mean irrigation requirement for the four genotypes based on irrigation scheduling was 230.8 mm, decreased by 14 and 17% under stress conditions of the drought tolerant stages. Grain yield ranged between 3.1 and 5 Mg ha-1 for water stress treatments compared to 5.6 and 4.2 mg. ha-1 for normal irrigation treatments. Genotype Q21 gave the highest yield and differed significantly from others. Field water use efficiency ranged between 1.6 to 1.1 kg m-3 and crop water use efficiency 1.38 to 2.22 kg m-3. KVL-SR2 and Q21 showed the highest efficiency (1.87 kg m-3). Results indicated that the stage of ear formation and flowering are the most tolerant to water stress. On the other hand, the branching, and maturity were critical stages with high reduction in yield under stress conditions.
Highlights
Chenopodium quinoa Willd, which belongs to the amaranthaceae family, is a new crop of most consuming countries
The plant was cultivated for its leaves and used as a pot herb, but these Chenopodium species were mainly grown for their grains, which were considered superior to buckwheat (20 45 and 36).Drought and salinity are common negative environmental factors that affect plant growth and determine the global geographic distribution of vegetation and restrict crop yields in agriculture (22; 18; 29; 30 and 47)
It includes groups of varieties adapted to various agro-ecological systems and climatic conditions, growing at temperatures between 4 ° C and 35 ° C and various altitudes starting at sea level.The aim of the research is to identify:(i) water requirements and water efficiencies of four quinoa genotypes (Regalona, Q-37, KVL-SR2 and Q21) under normal irrigation conditions and (ii) water stress at different stages of plant growth stages
Summary
Chenopodium quinoa Willd, which belongs to the amaranthaceae family, is a new crop of most consuming countries. Water use efficiency and crop coefficient of quinoa The result showed (Table 2) that the highest water consumptive use (ETa) of 397mm was obtained by control treatment (without stress) for Q-37 genotype, while the lowest water consumptive use was for the KVL-SR2 genotype (309 mm) and an increase by 22%.
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