Water stress and galactomannan breakdown in germinated fenugreek seeds. Stress affects the production and the activities in vivo of galactomannan-hydrolysing enzymes

Abstract

Imposition of water stress on germinated fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seeds and isolated fenugreek endosperms after the beginning of galactomannan mobilisation caused a reduction in the rate of breakdown of the polysaccharide relative to unstressed controls. The activities, measured in vitro, of the three hydrolytic enzymes involved in the breakdown process (α-D-galactosidase, EC 3.2.1.22;endo-β-D-mannanase, EC 3.2.1.78;exo-β-D-mannanase, EC 3.2.1.25) were not decreased. Although there was some accumulation of galactomannan-hydrolysis products in endosperms under stress, there was no clear correlation between sugar levels and the inhibition of galactomannan breakdown. When water stress was applied to fenugreek seeds after germination but before the beginning of galactomannan hydrolysis, both galactomannan breakdown and the development of the hydrolytic enzyme activities were inhibited. Washing of newly germinated seeds for 2 h in water prior to the imposition of stress gave partial relief of the inhibition of galactomannan mobilisation, partial recovery ofendo-β-D-mannanase levels, and full recovery of α-D-galactosidase levels. It is argued: 1) that water stress after germination but before the beginning of galactomannan hydrolysis inhibits the production of hydrolytic enzymes in the endosperm, probably via decreased removal at lowered water content of diffusible inhibitory substances; and 2) that water stress after the beginning of galactomannan hydrolysis decreases the rate of galactomannan breakdown in vivo principally via decreased diffusion at lowered water content of enzymes from the aleurone layer through the storage tissue of the endosperm.