Abstract
Recent electrodialysis (ED) research put forward the way a mineral fouling growth occurring on cation-exchange membrane (CEM) was reduced by a pulsed electric field (PEF) ratio of repetitive current pulsation (ton/toff=10s/10s). The current study applies a set of PEF on-duty ratios of even higher frequencies to further control membrane fouling, and to maximize the process performance during the ED of a solution containing a high Mg/Ca ratio (2/5). The on-duty ratios were two PEFs ratio 0.5 (ton/toff=5s/10s, and 10s/20s), two PEFs ratio 1 (ton/toff=5s/5s, and 10s/10s), and two PEFs ratio 2 (ton/toff=10s/5s, and 20s/10s). The repetitive pulsation of the ratios 10s/5s and 5s/5s enhanced the process performance (DRs of 58.48% and 59.64%), and suppressed CEM fouling on the diluate side. The ratio 10s/5s having a pause shorter than the pulse reduced fouling also on the concentrate side through steady water splitting proton generation that neutralized OH− leakage through CEM. No severe mineral precipitation occurred on AEM. The application of optimized water splitting proton-barriers for mineral fouling control is crucial.
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