Abstract
The objective of this research was to quantify the effects of water-saving regimes and fertilizer application improvement on water productivity, N-use efficiency, and rice yield. The results showed that the tested water treatments did not have significant effects on the growth and development, yield components, and final grain yield, but water productivity was significantly increased from 1.28 kg grain m-3 (W0) water to 1.74 kg grain m-3 water (W1) and 1.94 kg grain m-3 water (W2). In addition, the percentage of total irrigation water saved from W1 and W2 were 25.24-44.52% compared to continuous flooding. Fertilizer deep placement (FDP) combined with organic compost significantly increased the grain yield of the tested hybrid rice variety. Average grain yield increased quickly from 2847 kg ha-1 with 0 kg N ha-1 to 5263 kg ha-1 with 120 kg N ha-1 under the fertilizer deep placement method. The highest total nitrogen uptake, agronomic nitrogen efficiency (ANE), and nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUE) were obtained from alternate wetting and drying at a -20cm water depth and the fertilizer deep placement method (W1N2). In addition, it also gave the highest income in comparison with the other treatments. Therefore, alternate wetting and drying at a -20cm water depth and fertilizer deep placement method should be encouraged for implementation in other regions of Vietnam.
Highlights
According to FAO (2015), as of 2014, the total area of paddy rice worldwide was 160.6 million hectares, distributed across 114 countries, and the total milled rice production was about 491.4 million tons
The results showed that the tested water treatments did not have significant effects on the growth and development, yield components, and final grain yield, but water productivity was significantly increased from 1.28 kg grain m-3 (W0) water to 1.74 kg grain m-3 water (W1) and 1.94 kg grain m-3 water (W2)
The percentage of total irrigation water saved from W1 and W2 were 25.24-44.52% compared to continuous flooding
Summary
According to FAO (2015), as of 2014, the total area of paddy rice worldwide was 160.6 million hectares, distributed across 114 countries, and the total milled rice production was about 491.4 million tons. Water-saving irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency for irrigated rice in the Red River Delta, Vietnam million hectares) accounts for 75% of the world’s rice production (IRRI, 2010). In many Asian countries, the amount of water available for use has decreased about 40-60% from 1955 to 1990 (Son et al, 2008; Peng et al, 2011; Lampayan et al, 2015). The challenge facing national policymakers, irrigation authorities, and farmers is how best to maintain and increase rice yields and the production of other foods while reducing agricultural inputs like water use
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