Abstract
ABSTRACT Egypt is unique within the region in that it is a desertic country that is almost totally dependant on the Nile river for its water resources. Irrigated agriculture accounts for the vast majority (84%) of all the water used. Although the Nile flows through nine African countries, only Sudan and Egypt have a joint agreement in the use of these waters. Signs of environmental degradation of the waters are increasing; salinity rates are rising and pesticides and fertilizers have reached high levels in recent years. Reuse of waste waters is increasing as attempts are made to use water more efficiently. Various structural and operational changes in water use are described, which are designed to enable Egypt to cope with water quantity and quality problems. Finally, the effects of present water policies and estimated future forecasts are given.
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