Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the performance of casein-based adhesives for the bonding of ash (Fraxinus spp.) veneers for the manufacture of biodegradable skis. Different formulations containing casein powder, water, lime, sodium silicate, and various glue amounts were tested for shear strength after water storage, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity, water absorption, and thickness swelling. Two other classic wood adhesives, namely epoxy and polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) type D4 were used as control. The highest efficiency of both mechanical and physical properties was recorded for the samples glued with caseins and an increased amount of lime. There was also an affinity between casein adhesive distribution and physical and mechanical plywood performance. Moreover, the developed casein-based glues were also used to bond the plywood for ski cores and tested in real-life winter conditions.
Highlights
The main intrinsic incentives associated to the enhancement of research on alternative adhesives for wood composites are the increased concern for bio-based glues and the health hazards resulting from the emissions from synthetic polymers [1,2].One of the most common adhesives for wood-based materials is urea-formaldehyde (UF) [3]
The veneer was glued with a casein recipe we developed on our own
The samples manufactured with formulations with a higher lime amount achieved the highest tensile shear strength after water storage
Summary
The main intrinsic incentives associated to the enhancement of research on alternative adhesives for wood composites are the increased concern for bio-based glues and the health hazards resulting from the emissions from synthetic polymers [1,2]. One of the most common adhesives for wood-based materials is urea-formaldehyde (UF) [3]. It is used because of the high reactivity, colorlessness, rapid curing, and low cost [2,4]. The constant interest for formaldehyde free glues has been an important driver for the comeback of protein-based adhesives [9,10,11]. Other natural adhesives are starch, tree gum, clays, cellulose, lignin, tannin, pitch, and dextrines [13,14,15,16]
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