Abstract
Drinking water quality has become a great concern to the whole society, especially in heavily polluted rural areas. This paper analyzes the water quality of 100 water supping the US Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) recommended health risk assessment model. The results showed that the microbial indicators exceeded the standard in the whole year, and some of the water supply units which lead, nitrated and dissolved solids exceeding the standard. The model recommended by EPA is applied to establish risk assessment model for health risk assessment of adults in wet and dry seasons, respectively. Results of HRA indicated that carcinogenic risk of chromium was 7.61E-05a-1 and the risk value of arsenic was 9.92E-06a-1 which exceed the maximum acceptable risk level recommended by USEPA 5.0×10-5 closely to the ICPR recommendation 1.0×10-6. Meanwhile we conduct health risk assessment (HRA) on relevant non-carcinogenic indicators: nitrate is 2.95E-09a-1, the risk value of fluoride (F) is 2.49E-09a-1, the risk value of lead is 2.39E-09a-1 and copper (Cu) 9.00E-10a-1 exceeds the maximum acceptable risk level risk value recommended by USEPA 1.0×10-9. The above indicators require priority control and management of pollutants that are prioritized and managed.
Highlights
Water is the source of life, accounting about 70% of the human body
2.2 The indicators of Water quality test According to the routine water quality testing indicators in the "Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water" (GB5749-2006) and the "Groundwater Quality Standards" (GB/T 14848-2017), We identified 37 indicators including 4 routine microbiological indicators, 11 toxicological routine indicators, 17 sensory traits and general chemical indicators and 5 other indicators
Defined by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), human health risk assessment is the process to estimate the nature and probability of adverse health effects in humans who may be exposed to chemicals in contaminated environment[6] (Li et al, 2014)。
Summary
Water is the source of life, accounting about 70% of the human body. It is the basic necessities for human survival and social development which is the essential materials for daily production and life. Safe and clean drinking water is vital to human health and an important indicator to measure social development and human life quality[1]( Chang,2013). More and more drinking water sources have brought great threats to the health of the people. The problem of rural drinking water safety is more prominent. Due to lack of necessary disinfection and treatment facilities, people have poor quality drinking water in rural areas rural [2] (Han Bing2015),so we should pay attention to drinking water and health problems
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