Abstract
The Catingueiro, Cristalino and Ligeiro Rivers, present in the eastern region of Cianorte, Paraná, Brazil, are under constant influence of industrial effluents and agrochemicals. In 2022, the public supply of this municipality will be made by waters of the Ligeiro River, and the sites predicted for abstraction are close to the sites of confluence of the Catingueiro River and the Cristalino River with the Ligeiro River. We evaluated in two periods of 2020, based on different parameters, the water quality of the Catingueiro River at two sites, P1 and P2 (P2, upstream of the confluence), the Cristalino River in one site, P3, and the Ligeiro River at two sites, P4 and P5 (P5, downstream of the confluence). Levels of nitrite, nitrate and sulfate in waters were within the range set by law. All points had a high concentration of fluorides and phosphato in the two collections. In P1, in both collections, a high concentration of copper was found. P1 and P2, in the second collection, presented high levels of aluminum. Silicon was detected at all sites. Waters were phytotoxic to L. sativa and cytotoxic to the root meristems of A. cepa. Physical-chemical and toxicity analyses suggest a compromise in water quality. These data are an alert to the public authorities of Cianorte and Paraná regarding the anthropic actions carried out in these rivers and alert the sanitation company to carry out a preliminary and periodic analysis of the waters in order to know the contaminants present before treating them.
Highlights
Punctual and diffuse sources of pollution can cause physical, chemical and/or biological changes in a water body, impeding its use
The municipality of Cianorte is located in the northwest of the state of Paraná, Brazil, with a territorial area of 809.23 km2 and a population of 82,620 inhabitants, according to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE, 2019)
Effluents generated after treatments by these companies are discharged in storm sewers of the city with subsequent transport to the Catingueiro and Cristalino Rivers, which are tributaries of the Ligeiro Rivers (Gonçalves, 2020)
Summary
Punctual and diffuse sources of pollution can cause physical, chemical and/or biological changes in a water body, impeding its use. The destruction of flooded areas, the suppression of riparian forests, pollution and contamination of rivers by the discharge of urban and agricultural effluents, have caused loss of water quality and availability, resulting in environmental, social and economic consequences (Chan-Keb et al, 2018; Mendes et al, 2021). The municipality of Cianorte is located in the northwest of the state of Paraná, Brazil, with a territorial area of 809.23 km and a population of 82,620 inhabitants, according to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE, 2019) It is a large textile center where six large industrial laundries for dyeing and washing denim are located, one of them is the largest industrial laundry in Latin America (Santos & Carmo, 2020). Effluents generated after treatments by these companies are discharged in storm sewers of the city with subsequent transport to the Catingueiro and Cristalino Rivers, which are tributaries of the Ligeiro Rivers (Gonçalves, 2020). The Ligeiro River flows into the Ivaí River, one of the great tributaries of the Paraná
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