Abstract
AbstractForty percent of the 320 million people in Africa lacking access to safe, clean drinking water live in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, water quality has not been extensively studied due to a lack of automated monitoring systems that provide reliable and frequent data. Without clear, consistent, and universally accepted water quality standards, it is difficult to determine the full extent of the crisis. This study evaluated the effectiveness of water quality monitoring systems identified through a systematic literature review. A theoretical effectiveness framework was developed to assess the identified monitoring systems. Three water quality monitoring systems were identified, and the effectiveness of each system was evaluated. Cloud-based smart water quality monitoring systems using Internet of Things with sensor technologies met the criteria to be effective.KeywordsWater quality monitoring systemsSmart ICTInternet of ThingsIoTSDG6
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