Abstract
In this article it was evaluated the quality of water in the Cascavel river, in the city of Cascavel - Paraná using microbiological indicators, physical and chemical pollution and susceptibility / resistance in strains of Escherichia coli isolated antimicrobial trade. The water sampling was conducted between 2010-July and 2011-June at three points: a) near the source, b) urban area, c) rural area. The samples were analyzed for physical, chemical and microbiological variables: temperature, pH, color, turbidity, electrical conductivity, total nitrogen and total phosphorus, total coliforms (CT), fecal coliform (CTe) and Escherichia coli. Tests were also performed to nine antimicrobial commercial resistances. The variables studied indicated that the Cascavel river water was presented at disagreement with the resolution 357/2005 CONAMA (class I), ranking in the index as regular water quality. The physical, chemical and rainfall did not affect the growth of CT and CTe, with higher counts of E. coli in the urban area. The greatest resistance profiles of the strains of E. coli isolated from Cascavel river water was found in section 2, the urban area as a probable consequence of human influence on water quality.
Highlights
The water quality in many rivers has decreased due to the dumping of pollutants from point and diffuse source, and in cities where there is not a system of efficient sewage treatment, the domestic sewage is a major source of pollution, stimulating growth of bacteria and other microorganisms, including those of fecal origin (GONCHARUK, 2007, NASH et al, 2009).The main groups of bacteria used to indicate pollution levels in water are total coliform (CT) and thermotolerant (CTe), and Escherichia coli (PLUMMER & LONG, 2007; SILVA et al, 2010.)
The variance analysis has shown that the physical variables, color and electrical conductivity differ from P1to point 2 (P2) and point 3 (P3) for the test of significance of 5% (Table 1)
Since pollution by discharges of domestic sewage and / or industrial and leaching of urban roads occur on a larger scale in the urban area (P1 and P2), the color values for P3 can be assigned to the dump organic effluents of agricultural origin in this region, and to a lesser extent the decomposition of organic matter of vegetable origin (LIBÂNIO, 2005; ANDRADE et al, 2007; LUCAS et al, 2010)
Summary
The water quality in many rivers has decreased due to the dumping of pollutants from point and diffuse source, and in cities where there is not a system of efficient sewage treatment, the domestic sewage is a major source of pollution, stimulating growth of bacteria and other microorganisms, including those of fecal origin (GONCHARUK, 2007, NASH et al, 2009).The main groups of bacteria used to indicate pollution levels in water are total coliform (CT) and thermotolerant (CTe), and Escherichia coli (PLUMMER & LONG, 2007; SILVA et al, 2010.). Other variables are important in the study of water quality, among them physical and chemical, which provide information about the capacity of water to maintain the growth of algae and other aquatic life, and make it possible to determine the impacts generated by anthropogenic activities such as discharges of domestic sewage, industrial, commercial, urban roads and leaching of agricultural soils (LIBÂNIO, 2005; MANAHAN, 2006) Another method used as a support tool in characterization studies of the quality of river water is the Water Quality Index - WQI, which takes into account the physical, chemical and microbiological components seamlessly. Among the main problems identified in public supply rivers, located in urban areas, is the lack of riparian vegetation in both urban and rural areas, resulting in the development of erosion and silting up of the watershed processes that affect the water supply to riverside population (CREPALLI, 2007)
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