Water Quality Evaluation of Some Beach With Variations of Human Activities and Land Use in Spermonde Archipelago of Makassar South Sulawesi

Abstract

Spermonde Archipelago, Makassar South Sulawesi consists of hundreds of small islands with varied land uses and human activities. This will have an impact on decreasing the quality of coastal waters. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between land use and human activities with water quality on the coast around the island. The study was carried out on five islands in the Makassar Spermonde Archipelago of South Sulawesi (Barrangcaddi, Badi, Baranglompo, Bonebatang and Kodingarengkeke Island). Water quality was measured included pH, DO, salinity, turbidity, BOD, nitrate, TP, H2S, oil and grease, and Pb. The coastal water quality observation of each island was carried out in 1-3 stations depending on the size of the island. Repetition of water quality measurements for each station 3 times. Observation of land use and human activities in the study area using the environmental services indices (Hemeroby and Naturalness). The results showed pH (7.99-8.39), turbidity (0.6-1.3 NTU), total phosphate (<0.010 mg/L), H2S (<0.01 mg/L), oil and fat (<0.1 mg/L), and Pb (<0.005 mg/L) still met quality standards of sea water based on Decree of the State Minister for Environment No. 51/2004 for marine biota. DO Levels of Baranglompo and Badi islands (6.1-7.7 mg / L) have met seawater quality standards for marine biota which require DO levels to be more than 5 mg/L. DO levels of water on the other coast of the island 4.6-4.9 mg / L. Water salinity in all water have range 29-30%o. BOD levels (25.4-29.8 mg / L) and nitrate (0.03-0.17 mg / L) have exceeded sea water quality standards for marine biota (20 mg / L for BOD and 0.008 mg / L for nitrates). Baranglompo Island with the highest land use and human activities (Hemeroby 5 and Naturalness 3) has had an impact on water quality degradation reflected in the high turbidity and BOD levels. Bonebatang and Badi islands which have the lowest human activity and land use (Index of Hemeroby 3 and Naturalness 5) have better water quality with low to moderate BOD and turbidity. In order to improve water quality on the coast, human activities on five islands need to be controlled.