Abstract
Twenty-five spring water samples were collected from the study area and analyzed for major constituents’ concentrations Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl ̶, SO42 ̶, HCO3 ̶ and NO3 ̶. The parameters of H, TDS and EC were measured as well. The springs water is neutral to slightly alkaline, Piper’s diagram classification indicates that most samples are earth alkaline water with an increase portion of alkali with prevailing sulfate and chloride. A Dominant cation is sodium followed by calcium then magnesium, while sulfate is a dominant anion followed by chloride, bicarbonate then nitrate. The dominant water type is NaSO4 which represents 64% of all samples followed by NaCl type which represents 28% and CaSO4 type which represents 8% of all samples. According to Water Quality Index (WQI) classification, 24% of whole samples are excellent, 8% is good, 24% poor and 44% are unsuitable for human drinking. According to Richard diagram, 20% of all samples have been fallen in C2S1 class where they are good for irrigation, 68% of all samples have been fallen in C4S2 class where they are poor for irrigation and 8% of all samples have been fallen in C4S3 class where they are very poor for irrigation, therefore it is clear that the most springs samples are not suitable for irrigation purposes except for very salt-tolerant plants.
Highlights
Water quality depends on many factors which include geology, degree of chemical weathering of prevailing lithology, quality of recharge water as well as water-rock interactions (Dikeogu et al 2018)
Piper diagram was used to assess the hydrochemical facies of springs water. this diagram graphically represents some of the multiple variables associated with major cation and anion data and aid rapid determinations of similarities and differences in water samples (Piper, 1944)
It’s clear as in Fig.2 that the most samples have been fallen in e field where earth alkaline water with increase portion of alkali with prevailing sulfate and chloride
Summary
Water quality depends on many factors which include geology, degree of chemical weathering of prevailing lithology, quality of recharge water as well as water-rock interactions (Dikeogu et al 2018). Groundwater becomes a primary and important resource in many areas of the world, so it is important to study its quality and quantity to identify its suitability for drinking, irrigation, industrial and other usages (Scanlon et al 2006). Numerous studies established on the perspective of understanding the influence of groundwater availability on multiple hydrological and environmental aspects (Ali and Abdel-Hameed, 2018; Das and Pal 2019; Niaz et al 2018; Pande et al 2019 in Awadh et al, 2019). Groundwater is an essential natural water resource that supplies the population for different uses as in domestic, agricultural and industrial purposes, where it provides about half of all the freshwater used worldwide (Shiklomanov, 1996 and Chilton et al, 1994 in Awadh et al, 2016).
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