Abstract

In the twenty-first century, water deficiencies are a massive obstacle for mankind. Here, we look at the many types of aquatic pollutants, their impact on human health, and how to protect freshwater resources from contamination. Chemical pollution is emphasized, especially inorganic and organic micro pollutants such as hazardous metals and metalloids, as well as a wide range of synthetic organic compounds. Some elements of waterborne illnesses are also addressed, as well as the urgent need for better sanitation in poor nations. The study looks at recent scientific advancements in dealing with a wide range of contaminants. It's divided into sections based on the many temporal and geographical dimensions of global water pollution. For more than five decades, persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have had an impact on global water systems; throughout that period, geogenic pollutants, mining activities, and hazardous waste sites were the most significant causes of long-term regional and local water pollution. On a regional to local scale, agricultural chemicals and wastewater sources have a shorter-term impact.

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