Abstract
Single wythe brick masonry in historic windmills in the Netherlands often shows serious water permeance problems. These cause damage to the brickwork (frost and salt damage) and the wood (rot) applied in the mills. Moreover, leakage has a detrimental effect on the living conditions in the mills. Investigations in 26 historic mills provided insight into a variety of reasons that play a role in the water-tightness problems that were observed. Special attention is paid to materials parameters related to water tightness problems in masonry such as characteristics of mortar, brick and the mortar–brick interface; subsequently compatibility problems are discussed occurring between repair pointing material and old masonry; finally special causes for leakage are dealt with like the effects of cracks (transversal and lateral), the consequences of the application of moisture barriers (water repellents, watertight plasters), the effects of poor workmanship. The acquired knowledge turns out to be useful for the development of repair strategies applicable to a wide range of historic single wythe masonry applications. For single and combined reasons of water permeance problems recommendations are given to solve these.
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