Abstract
One very important facet of waste management is that of total dissolved solids (TDS). The many thousands of gallons of water, containing varying amounts of salt, which are generated by washing and regenerating processes, such as blowdown from cooling towers, and sluicing of salt-bearing substances, present significant problems when zero discharge is mandated. The problem is one of too much water carrying too little salt, but still having a TDS content too great for discharge to a receiving stream. A total system for taking care of this problem would consist of: chemical softening, filtration, water recovery/brine concentration desalting, and brine disposal. Three types of desalting processes are considered for the water recovery/brine concentration system: reverse osmosis (RO), electrodialysis (ED), and vapor compression evaporation (VC). These three processes would operate on a side stream from the main cooling circuit. The process combining side stream softening plus electrodialysis had the lowest overall capital requirements for the cases studied. (MU)
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