Water management and crop coefficients for pot chrysanthemum

A.C Pereira,J.H Kirchner,W Mezzomo,L.D Ferreira,M.X Peiter,A.D Robaina,J.D Piroli,M.A Rodrigues

doi:10.5039/agraria.v16i4a9004

Abstract

Chrysanthemum is one of the most commercialized flower species in Brazil, however, there is little information related to the correct water management of the crop. Thus, the work seeks to determine the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and obtain the cultural coefficients (Kc) of the pot chrysanthemum, in addition to assessing the water use efficiency (EUA) of the crop under different irrigation managements. The experiment was conducted in a protected environment in Santa Maria-RS, which a completely randomized design (DIC) was used, with five treatments based on the capacity of water retention in the vessel (CRV) (40, 60, 80, 100 and 120% CRV), with 16 repetitions, each pot was considered one repetition. ETc was determined by weighing Lysymetry, ETo was calculated by six different equations: Benevides-Lopez, Camargo, Linacre, Jensen-Haise, Hargreaves and Ivanov. Kc was obtained by the relationship between ETc and ETo. The evapotranspiration of the culture ranged between 153 and 264 mm. There was no significant difference in the EUA between the treatments studied. The average Kc was 0.98 for the vegetative phase, 1.29 from the beginning of the reproductive phase to the point of commercialization and 0.85 until the end of the reproductive phase.

Highlights

Floriculture is a promising branch of Brazilian agribusiness and, the ornamental plants market, grew 64% between the years 2012 and 2018, for the year 2018 the ornamental market moved a total of R$ 7.9 billion in Brazil (Ibraflor, 2020)
According to the results obtained in this work, there was a significant effect for number of inflorescences per plant (NI) and no significant difference was observed for water use efficiency (WUE) among the treatments in the experiment (Table 3)
The results obtained for eficiência de uso da água (EUA), corroborate those described by Soares et al (2015), who working with three cultivars of Kalanchoe grown in a protected environment under distinct irrigation slopes based on different pot capacities (40, 60, 80 and 100%), observed no statistically significant differences for the interaction cultivar and irrigation slopes for water use efficiency for flower production per pot

Summary

Introduction

Floriculture is a promising branch of Brazilian agribusiness and, the ornamental plants market, grew 64% between the years 2012 and 2018, for the year 2018 the ornamental market moved a total of R$ 7.9 billion in Brazil (Ibraflor, 2020). Whether as a cut flower or a vase flower, chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum) is one of the most commercialized ornamental plant species in Brazil (Kelling et al, 2015). Barbosa et al (2019) consider chrysanthemum as the main ornamental species produced and commercialized in pots in Brazil, for being cultivated throughout the national territory, with diversified production technologies, for the offer of distinct varieties and for the cost/benefit of production. The management of irrigation in floriculture has been characterized by empiricism, often with excessive or deficit applications of water. To avoid the risk of water deficit occurrence, many flower growers irrigate several times a day (Oliveira et al, 2016). Especially those grown under controlled conditions, information on water requirements and proper irrigation management is scarce (Soares et al, 2015)

Methods

Results

Conclusion