Abstract
Abstract. Surface water is a significant constituent of the water cycle, and is paramount for human survival, social and economic development as well as environmental sustainability. Water level shrinkage and global warming are the main phenomena that becoming worldwide environmental problems. Lake Chad has been in a critical situation in recent years due to a continuous decline in surface water and drought, over abstraction of water and climate change caused a significant change of a land cover patterns. The present study aimed to highlight the change pattern of water level in the lake over the past three decades, and the satellite images of the Lake Chad from Landsat-TM, ETM+ and OLI were analyzed to investigate the change of land cover pattern during three periods: the 1985, 2000 and 2015. Supervised classification was performed for land cover change analysis. Then the overall accuracies of the classification of Landsat-TM is 93.80, Landsat-ETM+ is 90.80 and Landsat-OLI is 86.20 respectively. The result shows that there are continuous decline of water bodies, barren land and shrub, with rapid increment of farmland and gallery forest.
Highlights
Lake Chad Basin (LCB) in Central Africa has witnessed a continuous decline in its water level over some past decades due to some factors including over abstraction and climate change, and part of droughts
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLII-4/W16, 2019 6th International Conference on Geomatics and Geospatial Technology (GGT 2019), 1–3 October 2019, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia dynamic nature of the lake continually changing as a result of variation in temperatures and precipitation, which is realizable from its size, shape and depth
The result of the accuracy assessment indicates that the image classifications have met the criteria for acceptance considering US Geological Survey (USGS) standard of image classification is 85 % for overall accuracy (Anderson et al, 1976)
Summary
Lake Chad Basin (LCB) in Central Africa has witnessed a continuous decline in its water level over some past decades due to some factors including over abstraction and climate change, and part of droughts. The shrinkage and water overuse caused significant changes to land cover which results in shoreline variation, and these could be attributed to improper water administration practices throughout the recent 50 years (Babamaaji and Lee, 2014).These issues of droughts and the lake‟s shrinkage have great consequences on the natural resources of the lake, as well as the standard of living of the inhabitants of the area in terms of job opportunities/poverty reduction and food security. One significant element of Lake Chad's bathymetry is a shallow ridge or 'pronounced barrier' roughly 40 km wide that keeps running between the northern and southern pieces of the lake
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