Abstract
The interaction of a liquid pressure pulse with a liquid–air boundary can produce surface deformation and water jet eruption if the incident pressures are high enough. This is important when analyzing damage mechanisms in lithotripsy and in our efforts to produce pulsed water jets [Mortimer and Skews, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 100, 3548–3553 (1996)]. High-pressure pulses can be generated by either using focusing lens refraction and convergent reflectors, or using self-focusing sources. In this work experimental results using an electromagnetic shock wave source (EMAS) and a new self-focusing source (FEMAS) as discussed. A high-speed digital camera was used to study the water jet production. It was found to consist of two regions; first a high-speed initial jet and second a slower cumulative jet due to the hydrodynamic flow initiated by the source. Results for the FEMAS show a contained cumulative jet as opposed to an unstable jet observed with the EMAS. These results indicate that the device concentrates its on-axis pressure and velocity, a result confirmed by our pressure measurements. However, the operation of the FEMAS was also found to be rather complex in behavior. [Work supported by the Foundation for Research Development.]
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