Water gas shift reaction over multi-component ceria catalysts

Abstract

This study reports the activity of ionic substituted bimetallic Cu-Ni-modified ceria and Cu-Fe-modified ceria catalysts for low-temperature water gas shift (WGS) reaction. The catalysts were synthesized in nano-crystalline size by a sonochemical method and characterized by XRD, TEM, XPS, TPR and BET surface analyzer techniques. Due to the ionic substitution of these aliovalent base metals, lattice oxygen in CeO2 is activated and these catalysts show high activity for WGS at low temperature. An increase in the reducibility and oxygen storage capacity of bimetallic substituted CeO2, as evidenced by H2-TPR experiments, is the primary reason for the higher activity towards WGS reaction. In the absence of feed CO2 and H2, 100% conversion of CO with 100% H2 selectivity was observed at 320°C and 380°C, for Cu-Ni-modified ceria and Cu-Fe-modified ceria catalysts. Notably, in the presence of feed H2O, a reverse WGS reaction does not occur over these ceria modified catalysts. A redox reaction mechanism, involving oxidation of CO adsorbed on the metal was developed to correlate the experimental data and determine kinetic parameters.