Abstract
Bangladesh is one of the fastest growing economies in the world, primarily driven by its textile industries. A high amount of water is consumed and polluted in the production and processing of raw material to the final product in the textile industry. Therefore, water footprint assessment is important for textile products. In this study, the water footprint of cotton cultivation, transportation and textile industry was calculated by analyzing the amount of imported cotton, production and processing capacity of cotton yarn and cotton fabrics, wastewater volume, number of workers and pollution load database, for 2012–2016. For the textile industry, the annual water footprint was found to be 1.8 billion m3. This high amount of water footprint and water pollution may result in depletion of groundwater level and can lead to major health problems for the local people, respectively. Total water footprint for ready-made garment product is found to be 27.56 billion m3, whereas considering proper water treatment and water reuse facilities can reduce the grey water footprint to around 1.26 billion m3. This study shows the extent of water pollution, groundwater depletion and economic impact of groundwater extraction, and possible means to reduce water footprint in cotton cultivation and textile industries.
Highlights
The ready-made garment (RMG) industry has become the backbone of the Bangladesh economy, being the second largest exporter of clothing after China [1]
A large amount of water is being used for cotton production in every year, which is quantified by water footprint calculation (Figure 3d)
Water footprint calculation is a useful tool for the identification of relevant water consumption and pollution
Summary
The ready-made garment (RMG) industry has become the backbone of the Bangladesh economy, being the second largest exporter of clothing after China [1]. The export from the ready-made garment (RMG) sector has reached 32 billion USD in the last fiscal year [2]. Besides contributing significantly to the GDP (gross domestic product), this sector creates about 4.2 million employment opportunities [3]. The growth in this sector undoubtedly has a positive effect on national economic development, but there are negative implications. Untreated effluent generated by Bangladesh textile industries is one of the major sources of water pollution [4]. Textile wastewater contains various chemicals such as oil, grease, caustic, glauber salt, ammonia, sulfide, lead, heavy metals and other toxic substances [6,7]
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