Abstract
Osteoporosis is a disease that leads to reduced bone mineral density. The increase in patient and medical costs because of global aging is recognized as a problem. Decreased bone mass is a common symptom of bone diseases such as Paget’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple myeloma. Osteoclasts, which directly affect bone mass, show a marked increase in differentiation and activation in the aforementioned diseases. Moreover, these multinucleated cells made from monocytes/macrophages under the influence of RANKL and M-CSF, are the only cells capable of resorbing bones. In this study, we found that the water extracts of Boseokchal (BSC-W) inhibited osteoclast differentiation in vitro and investigated its inhibitory mechanism. BSC-W was obtained by extracting flour of Boseokchal using hexane and water. To osteoclast differentiation, bone marrow-derived macrophage cells (BMMs) were cultured with the vehicle (0.1% DMSO) or BSC-W in the presence of M-CSF and RANKL for 4 days. Cytotoxicity was measured by CCK-8. Gene expression of cells was confirmed by real-time PCR. Protein expression of cells was observed by western blot assay. Bone resorption activity of osteoclast evaluated by bone pit formation assay using an Osteo Assay Plate. BSC-W inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in a dose-dependent manner without exerting a cytotoxic effect on BMMs. BSC-W decreased the transcriptional and translational expression of c-Fos and NFATc1, which are regulators of osteoclastogenesis and reduced the mRNA expression level of TRAP, DC-STAMP, and cathepsin K, which are osteoclast differentiation marker. Furthermore, BSC-W reduced the resorption activity of osteoclasts. Taken together, our results indicate that BSC-W is a useful candidate for health functional foods or therapeutic agents that can help treat bone diseases such as osteoporosis.
Highlights
Bones are dynamic tissues of various types of cells that undergo regeneration and repair processes known as bone remodeling
To examine whether Boseokchal’s water extract (BSC-W) affected RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis, bone marrow-derived macrophage cells (BMMs) were cultured with RANKL and macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) in the presence of 0.1% DMSO or BSC-W (0, 1, 3, 10, 30 μg/mL)
BMMs were differentiated into Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP)+ -MNCs by RANKL, but BSC-W significantly reduced this differentiation (Figure 1A)
Summary
Bones are dynamic tissues of various types of cells that undergo regeneration and repair processes known as bone remodeling. Increased numbers or activity of osteoclasts in bone homeostasis causes bone loss in diseases such as osteoporosis, Paget’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and periodontal disease [2]. Osteoporosis, which is the most common bone disease in the world, is associated with bone mass decrease and fracture risk. Patients with osteoporosis have a low bone density and weakened microstructure, which is likely to lead to pathological fractures. Fractures caused by osteoporosis are recognized as a global public health problem [3]. Such fractures can cause considerable pain and severe disability, leading to poor quality of life. The main cause of osteoporosis is related to increased osteoclast numbers and their bone resorption activity [3]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
