Water evaporation rates across hydrophobic acid monolayers at equilibrium spreading pressure

Abstract

The effect of alkanoic acid [CH 3(CH 2) n−2 COOH; HC n] and perfluoroalkanoic acid [CF 3(CF 2) n−2 COOH; FC n] monolayers on the water evaporation rate was investigated by thermogravimetry tracing the decrease in amount of water with time. The evaporation rate from the surface covered by a monolayer was measured as a function of temperature and hydrophobic chain length of the acids, where the monolayer was under an equilibrium spreading pressure. From thermal behavior of the crystallized acids, their solid states are C-type in crystalline state over the temperature range from 298.2 to 323.2 K. The dry air was flowed through a furnace tube of a thermogravimetry apparatus at the flow rate of 80 mL min −1, where the evaporation rate becomes almost constant irrespective of the flow rate. The temperature dependence of the evaporation rate was analyzed kinetically to evaluate the activation energy and thermodynamics values for the activated complex, which demonstrated that these values were almost the same for both alkanoic acids and perfluoroalkanoic acids, although the effect of perfluoroalkanoic acids on the evaporation rate was smaller than that of corresponding hydrogenated fatty acids. The difference in the evaporation rate between FC n and HC n was examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM), Brewster angle microscopy (BAM), surface potential (Δ V) at equilibrium spreading pressure, and Langmuir curve ( π – A isotherm), and their results were consistent and supported the difference.