Abstract
The sequential dehydration reaction of benzene-1,4-diboronic acid with pentaerythritol in the presence of polyethyleneimine (PEI) led to polymeric 3-benzo-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa- 3,9-diboraspiro[5.5]undecane, resulting in the formation of a PEI-coated boronate nanoparticle (BNP) with a mean diameter of 121 ± 43 nm through the spontaneous self-assembly. Subsequently, noble metal deposition on the boronate particle (M/BNP, M = Ru, Pd and Pt) was successfully achieved by NaBH4 reduction of RuCl3, and in the presence of BNP. Exploration of boronate-based catalytic systems applicable to the conversion of biomass to chemicals revealed that Ru/BNP has excellent catalytic activity for the hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone (GVL) in H2O under 0.8 MPa of H2 at 100 °C; after 4 h, the reaction afforded GVL in 94.6% yield. The catalytic performance and recyclability of Ru/BNP in the reaction were investigated.
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