Water Deficit and Associated Changes in Some Photosynthetic Parameters in Leaves of `Valencia' Orange (Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck)

Abstract

Photosynthetic CO(2) assimilation, transpiration, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase), and soluble protein were reduced in leaves of water-deficit (stress) ;Valencia' orange (Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck). Maximum photosynthetic CO(2) assimilation and transpiration, which occurred before midday for both control and stressed plants, was 58 and 40%, respectively, for the stress (-2.0 megapascals leaf water potential) as compared to the control (-0.6 megapascals leaf water potential). As water deficit became more severe in the afternoon, with water potential of -3.1 megapascals for the stressed leaves vs. -1.1 megapascals for control leaves, stressed-leaf transpiration declined and photosynthetic CO(2) assimilation rapidly dropped to zero. Water deficit decreased both activation and total activity of RuBPCase. Activation of the enzyme was about 62% (of fully activated enzyme in vitro) for the stress, compared to 80% for the control. Water deficit reduced RuBPCase initial activity by 40% and HCO(3) (-)/Mg(2+)-saturated activity by 22%. However, RuBPCase for both stressed and control leaves were similar in K(cat) (25 moles CO(2) per mole enzyme per second) and K(m) for CO(2) (18.9 micromolar). Concentrations of RuBPCase and soluble protein of stressed leaves averaged 80 and 85%, respectively, of control leaves. Thus, reductions in activation and concentration of RuBPCase in Valencia orange leaves contributed to reductions in enzyme activities during water-deficit periods. Declines in leaf photosynthesis, soluble protein, and RuBPCase activation and concentration due to water deficit were, however, recoverable at 5 days after rewatering.