Abstract
Many different processes for manufacturing of magnetic particles are present in scientific literature. However, the large majority are not able to be applied to large-scale real operations. In this study, we present an experiment undertaken to determine advisable values and options for the main variables and factors for the application of the reverse co-precipitation method to produce magnetic particles for real environmental applications. In such, we have tried a conjugation of values/factors that has led to 12 main experiments and production of 12 different particles. After an initial study concerning their main characteristics, these 12 different particles were applied for the sorption removal of COD from real wastewater samples (efficiencies between 70% and 81%) and degradation of Methylene blue by Fenton reaction (degradation efficiencies up to 100%). The main conclusion from this work is that the best set of values depends on the target environmental application, and this set of values were determined for the two applications studied.
Highlights
In the last decade, substantial scientific literature has been published concerning ways to produce and apply nanomagnetic particles in broad fields of science and technology [1–12]
Materials 2020, 13, 2219 technique is the degradation of contaminants present in watery systems [26–33] by the action of free radicals that appear due to heterogeneousFenton reaction that occurs when the surface of the iron-oxide nanomagnetic particles is in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 )
All the particles present a good efficiency for Chemicalseparation; oxygen demand (COD) removal, especially if we notice that all results were obtained after only one hour of sorption
Summary
Substantial scientific literature has been published concerning ways to produce and apply nanomagnetic particles in broad fields of science and technology [1–12]. For environmental processes several have been applied, but when reaching real practical level, co-precipitation, and sometimes thermal decomposition, are the only methods that are economical and technologically viable [15]. The large majority of environmental applications [16–18] are usually concerned with the removal of contaminants/nutrients from water/wastewaters using nanomagnetic particles as sorption vehicles [19–25] that are at the end magnetically separated (containing the respective contaminant/nutrient) from the watery effluent and recycled and reused. Materials 2020, 13, 2219 technique is the degradation of contaminants present in watery systems [26–33] by the action of free radicals that appear due to heterogeneous (photo-)Fenton reaction that occurs when the surface of the iron-oxide nanomagnetic particles is in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ).
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