Water cycle modelling of peri-urban hydroecological systems: a case study of the South Creek catchment, Australia

Abstract

Modelling offers a time efficient and cost-effective approach to integrate and analyse different components of complex peri-urban hydroecological systems. This paper evaluates and applies a catchment water balance model (Peri-Urban SimHyd) developed to simulate the complete water cycle of the South Creek catchment, a complex peri-urban catchment in Western Sydney (Australia). Peri-Urban SimHyd combined the modelling of daily rainfall-runoff from both impervious and pervious surfaces with the modelling of monthly reticulated potable water supply, wastewater flows, and surface and groundwater extractions, to simulate the monthly water balance of the catchment. The model was successful (the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency >0.68) in simulating the monthly total wastewater discharges and streamflows in the South Creek and its main tributary, the Eastern Creek, over a period of 15 years (1992–2006). The model performance was found to be suitable for simulating macro water balance and catchment yield but not for low streamflow hydrographs. Further, the model demonstrated its applicability in assessing the impacts of water cycle management strategies, i.e. ‘replacement flows’ and ‘water smart farms’ scenarios, on monthly and annual streamflows in the South Creek catchment. In general, Peri-Urban SimHyd has a generic structure and can be employed to assess impacts of various ‘what if’ scenarios on water cycle and streamflows in other peri-urban hydroecological systems.